Classification of smooth factorial affine surfaces of Kodaira dimension zero with trivial units

We give a corrected statement of (Gurjar and Miyanishi 1988, Theorem 2), which classifies smooth affine surfaces of Kodaira dimension zero, whose coordinate ring is factorial and has trivial units. Denote the class of such surfaces by $\mathcal{S}_0$. An infinite series of surfaces in $\mathcal{S}_0$, not listed in loc. cit., was recently obtained by Freudenburg, Kojima and Nagamine (2019) as affine modifications of the plane. We complete their list to a series containing arbitrarily high-dimensional families of pairwise nonisomorphic surfaces in $\mathcal{S}_0$. Moreover, we classify them up to a diffeomorphism, showing that each occurs as an interior of a 4-manifold whose boundary is an exceptional surgery on a 2-bridge knot. In particular, we show that $\mathcal{S}_0$ contains countably many pairwise nonhomeomorphic surfaces

Paired phases and Bose-Einstein condensation of spin-one bosons with attractive interaction

We analyze paired phases of cold bosonic atoms with the hyper spin S=1 and with an attractive interaction. We derive mean-field self-consistent equations for the matrix order parameter describing such paired bosons on an optical lattice. The possible solutions are classified according to their symmetries. In particular, we find that the self-consistent equations for the SO(3) symmetric phase are of the same form as those for the scalar bosons with the attractive interaction. This singlet phase may exhibit either the BCS type pairing instability (BCS phase) or the BEC quasiparticle condensation together with the BCS type pairing (BEC phase) for an arbitrary attraction U_0 in the singlet channel of the two body interaction. We show that both condensate phases become stable if a repulsion U_2 in the quintet channel is above a critical value, which depends on U_0 and other thermodynamic parameters.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Photo-induced relaxation of magnetization in molecular magnet

The experimental study of photo-induced magnetization of hybrid molecular magnet containing cobalt(II) and tungsten(V) magnetic centers bridged by 4,40 -bpy and CN− is presented. The observed increase in magnetization rate is attributed to the defects due to inter-valence transfer between CoIIWV *) CoIIIWIV. The time evolution of magnetization is parameterized by the power law rather than exponential function

Creation of Kink and Antikink Pairs Forced By Radiation

The interaction between kink and radiation in nonlinear one-dimensional real scalar field is investigated. The process of discrete vibrational mode excitation in $\phi^4$ model is considered. The role of this oscillations in creation of kink and antikink is discussed. Numerical results are presented as well as some attempts of analytical explanations. An intriguing fractal structure in parameter space dividing regions with creation and without is also presented

Study of ultrathin Pt/Co/Pt trilayers modified by nanosecond XUV pulses from laser-driven plasma source

We have studied the structural mechanisms responsible for the magnetic reorientation between in-plane and out-of-plane magnetization in the (25 nm Pt)/(3 and 10 nm Co)/(3 nm Pt) trilayer systems irradiated with nanosecond XUV pulses generated with laser-driven gas-puff target plasma source of a narrow continuous spectrum peaked at wavelength of 11 nm. The thickness of individual layers, their density, chemical composition and irradiation-induced lateral strain were deduced from symmetric and asymmetric X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, grazing-incidence X-ray reflectometry (GIXR), grazing incidence X-ray fluorescence (GIXRF), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. In the as grown samples we found, that the Pt buffer layers are relaxed and that the layer interfaces are sharp. As a result of a quasi-uniform irradiation of the samples, the XRD, EXAFS, GIXR and GIXRF data reveal the formation of two distinct layers composed of Pt1-xCox alloys with different Co concentrations, dependent on the thickness of the as grown magnetic Co film but with similar ∼1% lateral tensile residual strain. For smaller exposure dose (lower number of accumulated pulses) only partial interdiffusion at the interfaces takes place with the formation of a tri-layer composed of Co-Pt alloy sandwiched between thinned Pt layers, as revealed by TEM. The structural modifications are accompanied by magnetization changes, evidenced by means of magneto-optical microscopy. The difference in magnetic properties of the irradiated samples can be related to their modification in Pt1-xCox alloy composition, as the other parameters (lateral strain and alloy thickness) remain almost unchanged. The out-of-plane magnetization observed for the sample with initially 3 nm Co layer can be due to a significant reduction of demagnetization factor resulting from a lower Co concentration

Intuitionistic Fuzzy Time Series Functions Approach for Time Series Forecasting

Fuzzy inference systems have been commonly used for time series forecasting in the literature. Adaptive network fuzzy inference system, fuzzy time series approaches and fuzzy regression functions approaches are popular among fuzzy inference systems. In recent years, intuitionistic fuzzy sets have been preferred in the fuzzy modeling and new fuzzy inference systems have been proposed based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets. In this paper, a new intuitionistic fuzzy regression functions approach is proposed based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets for forecasting purpose. This new inference system is called an intuitionistic fuzzy time series functions approach. The contribution of the paper is proposing a new intuitionistic fuzzy inference system. To evaluate the performance of intuitionistic fuzzy time series functions, twenty-three real-world time series data sets are analyzed. The results obtained from the intuitionistic fuzzy time series functions approach are compared with some other methods according to a root mean square error and mean absolute percentage error criteria. The proposed method has superior forecasting performance among all methods

Ubytek masy ziaren węgla spalanego w warstwie fluidalnej

In this work many conclusions resulting from research carried out on the coal combustion process of the chosen coal type and its accompanying erosion in a two-phase flow of inert material have been presented. The purpose of this flow was to present a model of the conditions of the central and upper zone of the combustion chamber of the fluidized boiler. In the opinion of many authors (Basu, 1999; Chirone et al., 1991), the erosion process results from the contact of a fuel particle with particles of inert material that is responsible for generating fine fuel particles of less than 100 mm. If the particles are in the upper zone of the boiler where there is oxygen deficit, they can increase the loss of incomplete combustion substantially. The results of research do not confirm this common thesis, but rather indicate that the process of comminution that results from erosion under oxidative conditions contributes to the increase of substantial mass loss of a coal particle, however the increased mass loss of particle during combustion is first and foremost due to the whole process of removal of ash from the reactionary surface of a fuel particle. Nevertheless, in the conditions of oxygen deficit the comminution of particles as a result of the erosion process is negligible.W pracy przedstawiono szereg wniosków wynikających z przeprowadzonych badań procesu spalania ziaren wybranych typów węgli i towarzyszącej mu erozji w dwufazowym przepływie materiału inertnego. Przepływ ten miał na celu zamodelowanie warunków panujących w środkowej i górnej strefie komory paleniskowej kotła fluidalnego. W opinii wielu autorów (Basu, 1999; Chirone et al., 1991) proces erozji wynikający z kontaktu ziaren paliwa z ziarnami materiału inertnego odpowiedzialny jest za generowanie drobnych ziaren paliwa mniejszych od 100 mm. Jeżeli ziarna te generowane są w górnej strefie kotła, gdzie panuje deficyt tlenowy to w istotny sposób mogą podnosić one stratę niecałkowitego spalania. Zamieszczone w pracy wyniki badań nie potwierdzają tej powszechnej tezy. Wskazują one, iż proces rozdrabniania w wyniku erozji w warunkach utleniających przyczynia się wprawdzie do zwiększonego ubytku masy ziarna węgla jednak za przyspieszony ubytek masy ziarna podczas spalania odpowiada przede wszystkim proces usuwania popiołu z powierzchni reakcyjnej ziarna paliwa. Natomiast w warunkach deficytu tlenowego rozdrabnianie ziarna w wyniku procesu erozji jest pomijalnie małe

Zmiana własności mechanicznych węgla w kolejnych etapach procesu spalania

In this paper an attempt to describe the change of mechanical properties of coal which takes place during the combustion process has been made. These changes are of essential significance m the comminution process which occurs simultaneously in the combustion chamber. The comminution is of particular importance during the combustion in the fluidized bed conditions where in the opinions of many authors, it is one of the sources of generating the loss of incomplete combustion. An analysis of the change of mechanical properties on the basis of three parameters i.e. compression strength, Vickers hardness and fracture toughness was carried out. Steam coal type 31.2 from Sobieski mine commonly applied in pulverized boilers as well as in fluidized boilers was chosen for the purposes of research. The research was carried out using specially prepared cubical coal particles with measurements of 15 x 15 mm. Analysis was run on raw coal and for all combustion phases also, i.e. after heating and drying, after devolatilization and volatile combustion and during char combustion. The results obtained clearly pointed towards the weakness of the coal structure along with the combustion process. The biggest weakness of the coal structure was noted after volatile combustion at the moment of the ignition of char. The measured values of hardness and fracture toughness can be used to model the mass loss of coal particles in the conditions of the fluidized bed particularly in the upper dilute zone.W badaniach podjęto próbę opisania zmian mechanicznej wytrzymałości ziaren węgli, która zachodzi podczas procesu ich spalania. Zmiany te mają bowiem podstawowe znaczenie w zachodzącym w komorze paleniskowej jednocześnie ze spalaniem procesie rozdrabniania węgla. Rozdrabnianie ma szczególne znaczenie podczas spalania w warunkach warstwy fluidalnej, gdzie w opinii wielu autorów jest jednym ze źródeł generowania straty niecałkowitego spalania. Analizy zmian mechanicznej wytrzymałości dokonano na podstawie trzech parametrów, tj. statycznej próby ściskania, twardości Vickersa oraz odporności na pękanie. Do badań wybrano węgiel energetyczny typu 31.2 z kopalni Sobieski powszechnie stosowany zarówno w paleniskach pyłowych jak i fluidyzacyjnych. Badania prowadzono na spreparowanych sześciennych ziarnach o wymiarach 15 x 15 mm. Analizę przeprowadzono dla węgla surowego oraz we wszystkich fazach jego spalania, tj. w procesie nagrzewania po wydzieleniu wilgoci, po wypaleniu części lotnych oraz w trakcie spalania karbonizatu. Uzyskane wyniki jednoznacznie wskazują na osłabianie struktury węgla wraz z przebiegającym procesem spalania. Zauważono największe osłabienie struktury po wypaleniu części lotnych w momencie zapłonu karbonizatu. Otrzymane wartości twardości oraz odporności na pękanie mogą zostać wykorzystane do modelowania procesu ubytku masy ziarna w warunkach warstwy fluidalnej szczególnie w jej górnym rozrzedzonym obszarze

Implementation of digital chaos generators for cryptography applications in FPGA

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących implementacji układów generatorów chaosu w układzie FPGA Virtex 5FXT. Podano opis oraz porównanie sposobów realizacji obliczeń, które umożliwiają generowanie chaotycznego ciągu liczb w zależności od przyjętych parametrów początkowych. Dokonano weryfikacji eksperymentalnej poprawności generowanych ciągów w zależności od przyjętej precyzji obliczeniowej.The paper presents results of a study on implementation of digital chaos generators in the FPGA Virtex 5FXT device. There are described three mappings: logistic, Hénon and Rössler. The impact of fixed-point number representation on precision was tested. All waveforms (chaotic series) were experimentally generated and their chaotic behaviour was checked. The second section presents the mappings used in experimental tests. Then there are described the reasons for choosing a particular type of arithmetic, a way of number representation, and tools used for project creation. Finally, there are given the results of experimental verification of chaos generators and there is described a version operating at the maximum frequency. In order to estimate the practical usefulness of the proposed chaos generator, the required amount of FPGA resources for different versions of generators was determined and compared. The maximum speed (frequency) of generators was also tested. A sample plot of the Henon attractor is shown in Fig. 4.1. At the end of the paper there is a brief comparison with similar solu-tions reported by other authors

Effectiveness analysis of hardware implementations of face detection algorithms in digital images

W artykule przedstawiono i porównano wyniki implementacji przykładowego algorytmu detekcji twarzy w obrazach cyfrowych na trzech platformach sprzętowych: z użyciem CPU (Matlab), w strukturze programowalnej FPGA z procesorem sprzętowym PowerPC [1], oraz z wykorzystaniem CPU z akceleracją GPU. Powyższe implementacje przebadano eksperymentalnie pod względem złożoności implementacji i szybkości działania poszczególnych fragmentów algorytmu. Porównano je ze sobą oraz przedstawiono najlepsze obszary zastosowań poszczególnych z nich.This paper describes comparison of hardware implementations of a face detection algorithm using three different platforms: (1) classic CPU implementation (Matlab), (2) implementation with use of programmable logic - FPGA with hardware processor PowerPC [1], and (3) CPU based version with GPU acceleration. These tree versions have been experimentally tested and compared in terms of the required hardware resources and operating speed, which is of great importance in most practical applications. We also discuss advantages and drawbacks of these three approaches to hardware implementation of face detection algorithms. In particular, we formulate some important conditions that the analyzed image must meet to obtain the optimum effectiveness of the face detection algorithm implemented on each platform. Finally, we show that use of GPU acceleration can take advantage of the classic CPU and parallel computing accessible to FPGA. The proposed solution of skin color detection time for the CPU with GPU acceleration is over 100 times shorter than that for the solution with the classical CPU. As a programmable device we have used FPGA Virtex-4 chip from Xilinx, and as a GPU accelerator we have utilized graphic card nVidia GeForce 8600 GT